1. Which of the following materials of the same alloy is most likely to produce the greatest amount of sound attenuation over a given distance?
(a) A hand forging
(b) A coarse grained casting
(c) An extrusion
(d) The attenuation is equal in all materials
2. The ability to separate echos from reflectors close together in depth is called:
(a) Resolution
(b) Attenuation
(c) Accuracy
(d) Sensitivity
3. Greater depth of penetration in coarse grained material may be achieved using:
(a) More sweep delay
(b) Higher frequencies
(c) Less sweep delay
(d) Lower frequencies
4. Lower frequency transducers produce:
(a) Deeper penetration, greater attentuation and less beam spread
(b) Deeper penetration, less attentuation and greater beam spread
(c) Greater beam spread but higher sensitivity and resolution
(d) Less beam spread but lower sensitivity and resolution
5. Spurious indications might be caused by which of the following?
(a) Mode conversion from beam spread in a long specimen
(b) Surface waves generated during straight beam testing
(c) A test piece with a smooth machined surface
(d) All of the above
6. The portion of a test piece which is represented by the CRT screen area from zero to the rightmost edge of the initial pulse is called:
(a) The dead zone
(b) The near field
(c) The near zone
(d) The far zone
7. The depth of penetration of surface waves is approximately:
(a) One wavelength
(b) Three wavelengths
(c) 1/2 wavelength
(d) The total part thickness
8. An ultrasonic test using a straight beam contact search unit is being conducted through the thickness of a flat part such as a plate. This test should detect:
(a) Laminar-type flaws with major dimensions parallel to the rolled surface
(b) Transverse-type flaws with major dimensions at right angles to the rolled surface
(c) Radial flaws with major dimensions along length but radially oriented to the rolled surface
(d) None of the above
9. The first critical angle is defined as the longitudinal wave incident angle which results in:
(a) A refracted longitudinal wave of ninety degrees
(b) A refracted shear wave of ninety degrees
(c) Complete reflection of the shear wave
(d) None of the above
10.The number of complete waves which pass a given point in a given period of time (usually one second) is referred to as the:
(a) Amplitude of a wave motion
(b) Pulse length of a wave motion
(c) Frequency of a wave motion
(d) Wavelength of a wave motion
11. The speed of sound in a given material depends on:
(a) The specific acoustic impedance of the material
(b) The acoustic impedance and density of the material
(c) The density and elasticity of the material
(d) The piezo-electric resistance of the material
12. A screen pattern containing a large number of low-level indications (often reffered to as ‘hash’) could be caused by:
(a) A crack
(b) A large inclusion
(c) Coarse grained material
(d) Fine grained material
13. In an A scan presentation, the horizontal base line represents the:
(a) Amount of refracted ultrasonic sound energy
(b) Distance traveled by the search unit
(c) Elapsed time or distance
(d) None of the above
14. An ultrasonic instrument control which is used to expand or contract the horizontal
base line of an A scan display is called:
(a) The sweep length or range control
(b) The damping control
(c) The sweep delay
(d) The pulse length control
15. In a basic ultrasonic test pattern (A scan) for contact testing, the initial pulse (assume no sweep delay is used):
(a) Is the high indication on the extreme left side of the screen that represents the
entry surface of the inspected part
(b) Is the first pulse that occurs near the right side of the screen and represents the
opposite boundary of the inspected part
(c) Is an indication that appears and disappears during screening
(d) Is always the second pulse from the left on the viewing screen
16. A term used in ultrasonics to express the rate at which sound waves pass through
various substances is:
(a) Frequency
(b) Velocity
(c) Wave length
(d) Pulse length
17. Transducer focal lengths are normally specified as:
(a) Distance in steel
(b) Distance in aluminium
(c) Distance in air
(d) Distance in water
18. The second critical angle is defined as the longitudinal wave incident angle which
results in:
(a) A refracted longitudinal wave of ninety degrees
(b) A refracted shear wave of ninety degrees
(c) Complete reflection of the sound beam
(d) None of the above
19. Spurious or nonrelevant indications might be suspected if:
(a) Indications are unusually consistent in amplitude and appearance
(b) There are strong indications in localised areas
(c) The indications are localised and repeatable
(d) None of the above
20. A disadvantage of lithium sulfate as a transducer material is that:
(a) It is an inefficient receiver of ultrasonic energy
(b) It is soluble in water
(c) It is not piezo- electric
(d) It has extremely coarse grain structure
21. An advantage of using a ceramic transducer in search units is that:
(a) It is one of the most efficient generators of ultrasonic energy
(b) It is one of the most efficient receivers of ultrasonic energy
(c) It has a very low mechanical impedance
(d) It can withstand temperatures as high as 700oC
22. The three most common modes of sound vibration are:
(a) Longitudinal, compressional, and transverse waves
(b) Longitudinal, transverse and rayleigh waves
(c) Transverse, longitudinal and shear waves
(d) Transverse, shear waves and rayleigh waves
23. A larger diameter crystal results in:
(a) Greater beam spread
(b) Lower penetrating power
(c) Less beam spread
(d) Greater penetrating power
24. Entry surface resolution is a characteristic of an ultrasonic testing system which defines its ability to:
(a) Detect discontinuities oriented in a direction parallel to the ultrasonic beam
(b) Detect discontinuities located in the center of a forging containing a fine metallurgical structure
(c) Detect minute surface scratches
(d) Detect discontinuities located just beneath the entry surface in the part being tested
25. Higher frequency transducers produce which of the following?
(a) Greater beam spread, sensitivity and resolution
(b) Greater sensitivity, resolution and penetration
(c) Greater penetration, attenuation and resolution
(d) Greater sensitivity, resolution and attenuation
26. In immersion testing, verification that the search unit is normal to a flat entry surface
is indicated by:
(a) Maximum reflection from the entry surface
(b) Proper wavelength
(c) Maximum amplitude of the initial pulse
(d) Elimination of water multiples
27. Which of the following is true?
(a) Velocity = frequency/wavelength
(b) Frequency = velocity × wavelength
(c) Velocity = wavelength/frequency
(d) Wavelength=velocity/frequency
28. Most commercial ultrasonic testing is accomplished using frequencies between:
(a) 1 and 25 kHz
(b) 0.2 and 25 MHz
(c) 1 and 1 000 kHz
(d) 15 and 100 MHz
29. The longitudinal wave incident angle which results in formation of a rayleigh wave is called:
(a) Normal incidence
(b) The first critical angle
(c) The second critical angle
(d) Any angle above the first critical angle
30. An ultrasonic testing technique in which the transducer element is not parallel to the
test surface is called:
(a) Angle beam testing
(b) Immersion testing
(c) Contact testing
(d) Through-transmission testing
31. In the same material, shear wave velocity is:
(a) Approximately 1/2 longitudinal wave velocity
(b) Approximately twice longitudinal wave velocity
(c) Approximately 1/4 longitudinal wave velocity
(d) Approximately four times longitudinal wave velocity
32. Another name for a compression wave is a:
(a) Lamb wave
(b) Shear wave
(c) Longitudinal wave
(d) Transverse wave
33.Under most circumstances, which of the following frequencies would result in the
best resolving power?
(a) 1 MHz
(b) 5 MHz
(c) 10 MHz
(d) 25 MHz
34.The most useful range of incident longitudinal wave angles for ultrasonic testing is:
(a) Normal incidence to the first critical angle
(b) First critical angle to the second critical angle
(c) Second critical angle to the third critical angle
(d) Above the third critical angle
35. Ultrasonic testing of material where the search unit is in direct contact with the
material being tested may be:
(a) Straight beam testing
(b) Surface wave testing
(c) Angle beam testing
(d) All of the above
36. The echo on the cathode ray tube (CRT) which represents the far boundary of the
material being tested is called:
(a) Hash
(b) The initial pulse
(c) The ‘main bang’
(d) The back wall echo
37. A standard block which can be used to calibrate an instrument for an angle beam
range calibration is:
(a) Area-amplitude blocks
(b) Distance-amplitude blocks
(c) V1/A2 block
(d) Beam spread block
38. The ability to detect echos from small reflectors is called:
(a) Resolution
(b) Attenuation
(c) Accuracy
(d) Sensitivity
39.When the motion of the particles of a medium is parallel to the direction of propagation, the wave being transmitted is called a:
(a) Longitudinal wave
(b) Shear wave
(c) Surface wave
(d) Lamb wave
